Inani lomkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu ye-bentonite

Imithombo ye-bentonite yaseShayina inothe ngokwedlulele, ihlanganisa izifundazwe namadolobha angu-26, kanti lezi zindawo zokulondoloza imvelo zingezokuqala emhlabeni.Njengamanje, i-bentonite yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo sekufinyelele emasimini angu-24, ngokukhishwa konyaka kwamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3.1.Kodwa maningi kakhulu amabanga aphansi, futhi angaphansi kuka-7% wemikhiqizo yezinga eliphezulu.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ephezulu ye-value-added kuyinto ehamba phambili.Ukuthuthukisa ngamandla imikhiqizo ye-bentonite ephezulu ye-value-added ingathola ukubuyiselwa kwe-value-added, futhi igweme ukuchithwa kwezinsiza, okwamanje, i-bentonite inezigaba ezingu-4 kuphela zenani eliphakeme, okufanele linakwe.

1. I-Montmorillonite

I-montmorillonite ehlanzekile kuphela engasebenzisa ngokugcwele izakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu.

I-Montmorillonite ingahlanzwa kusuka ku-bentonite yemvelo ehlangabezana nezimo ezithile, futhi i-montmorillonite isetshenziswe emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengomuthi nokudla njengenhlobonhlobo ezimele ngale kwe-bentonite.

Incazelo ye-China yemikhiqizo ye-montmorillonite ayifani, okuvame ukudala ukungaqondakali emikhiqizweni ye-montmorillonite.Njengamanje, kunezincazelo ezimbili zemikhiqizo ye-montmorillonite, enye incazelo yemikhiqizo ye-montmorillonite embonini yamaminerali engeyona eyensimbi: okuqukethwe kwe-montmorillonite okukhulu kune-80% ku-clay ore kubizwa ngokuthi i-montmorillonite, njenge-montmorillonite desiccant, njll., okuqukethwe komkhiqizo wayo ngokuvamile ilinganiswa ngokomthamo ngezindlela ezinjengokumuncwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi izinga alilutho ngaphandle kwe-bentonite ehlanzekile kakhulu;Enye incazelo ye-montmorillonite emkhakheni wocwaningo lwesayensi nocwaningo, futhi okuqukethwe komkhiqizo wayo ikakhulukazi kulinganiswa ngekhwalithi yi-XRD nezinye izindlela, okuyi-montmorillonite ngomqondo wangempela, engahlangabezana nezidingo zemikhiqizo ye-montmorillonite kwezokwelapha, izimonyo. , izimboni zokudla nezinye.I-montmorillonite echazwe kulesi sihloko iwumkhiqizo we-montmorillonite kuleli zinga.

I-Montmorillonite ingasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
I-Montmorillonite (i-Montmorillonite, i-Smectite) ifakwe e-United States Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia kanye ne-European Pharmacopoeia, ayinaphunga, inomhlaba kancane, engacasuli, ayinamthelela ezinhlelweni zemizwa, zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo, ezinamandla okukhangisa, amandla okushintshanisa indawo namanzi. ukumuncwa kanye nekhono lokunwebeka, umphumela omuhle wokukhangisa ku-Escherichia coli, i-Vibrio cholerae, i-Campylobacter jejuni, i-Staphylococcus aureus ne-rotavirus kanye nosawoti we-bile, futhi inomphumela ongaguquki kubuthi bebhaktheriya.I-Antidiarrheal iyashesha, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kwayo kusetshenziswa kabanzi emisebenzini yomtholampilo.Ngokungeziwe kumalungiselelo, ama-API we-montmorillonite nawo asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwezidakamizwa nanjengezinto ezisizayo zokulungiselela ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo.

I-Montmorillonite ingasetshenziswa emithini yezilwane kanye nempilo yezilwane
I-Montmorillonite isetshenziselwa ukulima kwezilwane, umkhiqizo kufanele uhlanzwe, kufanele unqunywe ukuthi awunabo ubuthi (i-arsenic, i-mercury, i-lead, i-ashlenite ayidluli izinga), noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwe-bentonite ore eluhlaza kwezidakamizwa kuzodala umonakalo emfuyweni. .
I-Montmorillonite isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuzaleni izilwane, futhi izindawo zayo ezishisayo cishe zonke zigxile ekuvikeleni amathumbu kanye nesifo sohudo, ukususwa kwesikhunta sokudla, ukopha nokuqeda ukuvuvukala, kanye nokugcinwa kocingo.

I-Montmorillonite ingasetshenziswa kuzimonyo
I-Montmorillonite ingasusa kahle futhi imunce izimonyo ezisele, ukungcola namafutha amaningi emigqeni yesikhumba, futhi ikhangise uwoyela oweqile, ikhiphe, isheshise ukuchithwa kwamaseli amadala afile, iguqule izimbotshana ezimbotshana, ikhanyise ama-melanocyte, futhi ithuthukise ithoni yesikhumba.

I-Montmorillonite ingasetshenziswa ekulimeni i-crystal shrimp, ingahlanza amanzi, ngeke iguqule inani le-pH lamanzi, inikeze izakhi zamaminerali, inomthelela omhlophe kuma-crystal shrimp, futhi iyisidingo sokukhulisa izimfanzi zekristalu.

I-Montmorillonite isetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla kanye ne-emulsifier ekudleni, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengokudla kokulahlekelwa isisindo;Kungenza ijusi yezithelo nejusi kashukela kucace futhi kwande;Ithambisa amanzi aqinile.Ingasetshenziswa njengesithako semifino, esikhundleni sezithasiselo zendabuko eziguqulelwe izilwane ezifana namaprotheni ne-gelatin.

I-Montmorillonite ingasetshenziswa njengesichazi sewayini, i-nano montmorillonite ine-adsorption enkulu yendawo futhi i-interlayer inezici zokushaja okungalungile okungapheli, ingakhanga ngempumelelo amaprotheni, i-macromolecular pigments nezinye izinhlayiya ze-colloidal ezikhokhiswa kahle futhi ikhiqize i-agglomeration, ingasetshenziselwa njengewayini. , iwayini lezithelo, ijusi yezithelo, isoso yesoya, uviniga, iwayini lelayisi neminye imikhiqizo yokuphisa ukucaciswa nokwelashwa kokuzinzisa.Imiphumela yokuhlola: i-nanomontmorillonite ayishintshi ukubukeka, umbala, ukunambitheka nezinye izici zewayini, iwayini lezithelo nezinye iziphuzo, futhi ingahlukaniswa ngokwemvelo ngokucwila ngenxa yesilinganiso sayo esingancibiliki emanzini.

Inqubo yokufaka isicelo: engeza isichazi sewayini se-nano-montmorillonite izikhathi ezi-3-6 inani lamanzi ukuze zikhukhumale ngokugcwele, ugovuze ube udaka, bese wengeza ewayinini elizophathwa neminye imikhiqizo inyakaziswa futhi ihlakazwe ngokulinganayo, bese ekugcineni ukuhlunga ukuze uthole umzimba wewayini ocacile futhi ocwebezelayo.

I-Nano montmorillonite wine clarifier isetshenziselwe ukucaciswa kwewayini iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50, ephephe kakhulu futhi ethembekile, futhi enomthelela osizayo ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni "incithakalo yensimbi" kanye "nokunsundu" kwewayini.

2. I-bentonite ye-organic

Ngokuvamile, i-organic bentonite (i-amination) itholakala ngokumboza i-bentonite esekelwe ku-sodium nama-organic amine salts.

I-Organic bentonite isetshenziswa kakhulu kuyinki kapende, ukugaya uwoyela, ukugcwalisa okusebenzayo kwe-polymer nezinye izinkambu.

I-Organic bentonite iyi-ejenti esebenzayo ye-gelling ye-organic liquids.Ukwengeza inani elikhulu le-bentonite ephilayo ohlelweni lwe-organic organic kuzothinta kakhulu i-rheology yayo, ukwanda kwe-viscosity, izinguquko ze-fluidity, futhi uhlelo luba thixotropic.I-bentonite ye-Organic isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kumapende, oyinki bokuphrinta, amafutha okugcoba, izimonyo kanye neminye imikhakha yezimboni eziningi ukulawula i-viscosity nokugeleza, ukwenza ukukhiqiza kube lula, ukuzinza kwesitoreji nokusebenza okungcono.Ku-epoxy resin, i-phenolic resin, asphalt nezinye izinsalela zokwenziwa kanye ne-Fe, Pb, Zn nolunye uchungechunge lwamapende ombala, ingasetshenziswa njengesiza esiphikisayo sokuxazulula, esinamandla okuvimbela ukuhlangana kwe-pigment phansi, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukujiya ukunamathela. , njll.;Asetshenziswa kumayinki asuselwa ku-solvent angasetshenziswa njengezithasiselo eziqinisayo ukuze kulungiswe i-viscosity nokuvumelana kwama-inki, kuvimbele ukusabalala kukayinki, futhi kuthuthukise i-thixotropy.

I-Organic bentonite isetshenziselwa ukugaya amafutha futhi ingasetshenziswa njengodaka olusekelwe ku-oyela kanye nesengezo ukuze kwandiswe ukuhambisana kodaka, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlakazeka kodaka nokumiswa.

I-Organic bentonite isetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa irabha neminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki njengamathayi namashidi enjoloba.I-Organic bentonite isetshenziswa njenge-rubber filler, okuwubuchwepheshe obusha eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi endaweni yangaphambili ye-CIS, e-United States, e-United Kingdom nakwamanye amazwe.Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yocwaningo nentuthuko, isikhungo socwaningo seJilin Chemical Industry Company sithuthukise ngempumelelo indlela yobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza i-organic bentonite (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bentonite eguquliwe) yerabha.Imikhiqizo iyazanywa ku-Huadian, Jilin, Changchun, Jihua nezinye izimboni zamasondo, futhi umphumela uyamangalisa, hhayi nje impilo yesevisi yamasondo enwetshiwe, kodwa futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza amathayi ziyancipha kakhulu.I-Organic bentonite yerabha (i-bentonite eguquliwe) ibonwe futhi yamukelwe ngamabhizinisi enjoloba, futhi amandla emakethe makhulu.

I-Nanoscale organic bentonite iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuguqulwa kwe-nano kwamapulasitiki afana neyiloni, i-polyester, i-polyolefin (i-ethylene, i-propylene, i-styrene, i-vinyl chloride) kanye ne-epoxy resin ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa kwayo, amandla, ukumelana nokugqoka, umgoqo wegesi kanye namandla adonsela phansi athile.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nano-scale organic bentonite ku-rubber isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuguqulwa kwe-nano kwemikhiqizo yenjoloba, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina komoya wayo, ukukhanga okugxilile okunwetshiwe nokumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali.I-polyurethane elastomer/montmorillonite nanocomposites kanye ne-EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites acutshungulwe kahle.

I-Nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (inhlanganisela eguquliwe futhi ehlakazeke kalula) ingenziwa nge-nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (eguquliwe futhi ehlakazeke kalula), kanye ne-nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch ingahlanganiswa nerabha noma i-elastomer. ukulungisa i-nano-bentonite composite thermoplastic elastomer, engasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-nano-thermoplastic elastomer.

3. I-bentonite emhlophe ephezulu

I-bentonite emhlophe ephezulu iyi-sodium (i-calcium) esekelwe kwi-bentonite enobumhlophe okungenani obungu-80 noma ngaphezulu.Izinzuzo eziphezulu ze-bentonite ezimhlophe kusukela ebumhlophe bayo futhi zithandwa kakhulu ezicini eziningi ezifana nemikhiqizo yansuku zonke yamakhemikhali, izitsha zobumba, ukwenza amaphepha, nezingubo zokugqoka.

Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke: i-bentonite emhlophe ephezulu ensipho, impushana yokuwasha, okokuhlanza njengesithambisi sendwangu, isithambisi, ukumunca ukungcola okuncibilikisiwe, kuvimbele ukuqoqwa kwama-crusts nezinsalela ebusweni bendwangu, ukunciphisa ukubekwa kwe-zeolite kwendwangu;Ingagcina ukungcola nezinye izinhlayiya endaweni ewuketshezi imisiwe;Amafutha e-Adsorbs nokunye ukungcola, futhi angakwazi ngisho nokuhlanganisa amagciwane.Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ye-gelling ku-toothpaste nezimonyo, futhi ingangena esikhundleni se-thickener kanye ne-ejenti ye-thixotropic yomuthi wokuxubha ongeniswe usuka phesheya--- yokwenziwa kwe-magnesium aluminium silicate.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa ukuthi umuthi wokuxubha we-bentonite omhlophe ophezulu onokuqukatha kwe-montmorillonite> 97% kanye nobumhlophe obungu-82 uthambile futhi uqondile, i-viscosity eqinile ye-paste ingu-21mm, futhi ukunamathisela kune-gloss enhle ngemva kokugcwalisa.Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 zokubekwa okuqhubekayo ekushiseni okuphezulu kwama-degrees angu-50, ukunamathisela kuyahlakazwa, umbala awushintshi, umuthi wokuxubha unamathele ngokuyisisekelo, akukho granulation nomlomo owomile, futhi ishubhu ye-aluminium ayinakugqwala ngokuphelele, futhi ubuso be-paste bushelelezi futhi bubucayi.Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-5 zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinyanga ezingu-7 zokubhekwa nokuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa kwegumbi, umuthi wokuxubha uhlangabezana nezinga elisha lomuthi wokuxubha, futhi ungasetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zomuthi wokuxubha.

I-Ceramics: I-bentonite emhlophe isetshenziswa njenge-plastic filler ku-ceramics, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni edinga ubumhlophe obuphezulu ngemva kokugcoba.Izakhiwo zayo ze-rheological nezinwebekayo zinikeza i-ceramic paste plasticity namandla anda, kuyilapho kuzinzisa ukumiswa kwamanzi ku-paste, kuyilapho ukunamathela kwawo okomile kunikeza amandla okubopha okuphezulu nokumelana nokugoba kumkhiqizo wokuphela othosiwe.Emakhazeni e-ceramic, i-bentonite emhlophe iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-plasticizer kanye ne-thickener, ihlinzeka amandla, i-plasticity kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu ku-glaze nokusekela, ithanda ukugaya ibhola.

• Ukwenza iphepha: Embonini yephepha, i-bentonite emhlophe ingasetshenziswa njenge-multifunctional white mineral filler.
• I-Coating: isilawuli se-viscous nesigcwalisi samaminerali amhlophe embotsheni, esingashintsha ingxenye noma ngokuphelele esikhundleni se-titanium dioxide.
• Isilungisi sesitashi: yenza isitoreji sizinze futhi usebenzise ukusebenza kangcono.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bentonite emhlophe ingasetshenziswa futhi kuma-adhesives aphezulu, ama-polymers, amapende.

4. Ubumba oluyimbudumbudu

Ubumba oluyimbudumbudu lwenziwa ngobumba olucushiwe njengokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kokusetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali, ukubukeka akubunjwanga yimbudumbudu encane, inendawo ethize ephakeme kunobumba obusebenzayo, inamandla okukhangayo aphezulu, isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-petrochemical yokuhlanza iphunga elimnandi, uphalafini wendiza. ukucwenga, uwoyela wamaminerali, uwoyela wezilwane nemifino, i-wax kanye ne-organic liquid decolorization refining, nayo isetshenziselwa ukugcoba uwoyela, uwoyela wesisekelo, udizili nokunye ukucwenga uwoyela, kususa ama-olefin asele, inhlaka, i-asphalt, i-alkaline nitride nokunye ukungcola emafutheni.

Ubumba oluyimbudumbudu lungasetshenziswa futhi njenge-desiccant yomswakama, i-alkali detoxifier yezidakamizwa zangaphakathi, i-vitamin A, i-adsorbent ye-B, i-oyili yokugcoba i-ejenti yokuxhumana ye-coincident, ukulungiswa kwesigaba se-petroli somphunga, njll. i-catalyst kanye ne-agent yokushisa ephezulu ye-polymerization.

Njengamanje, okungeyona into enobuthi, okungagxili, ukumuncwa kukawoyela okuncane, kanye nobumba oluyimbudumbudu olungasetshenziselwa ukususwa kombala kawoyela odliwayo kanye nokucwengisiswa kuyindawo eshisayo edingeka kakhulu.